Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning

Article Properties
  • Language
    English
  • DOI (url)
    10.1287/orsc.2.1.71
  • Publication Date
    1991/02/01
  • Journal
    Organization Science
  • Indian UGC (journal)
  • Citations
    10,795
  • James G. March Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
Abstract
Cite
March, James G. “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning”. Organization Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 1991, pp. 71-87, https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71
March JG. Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning. Organization Science. 1991;2(1):71-87.
Journal Categories
Social Sciences
Commerce
Business
Social Sciences
Commerce
Business
Personnel management
Employment management
Social Sciences
Economic theory
Demography
Economics as a science
Social Sciences
Industries
Land use
Labor
Management
Industrial management
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Citations Analysis
Category Category Repetition
Social Sciences: Commerce: Business5,791
Social Sciences: Commerce: Business: Personnel management. Employment management5,558
Social Sciences: Economic theory. Demography: Economics as a science5,317
Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Management. Industrial management2,075
Social Sciences1,330
Technology: Technology (General): Industrial engineering. Management engineering: Information technology595
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Environmental sciences559
Technology: Technology (General): Industrial engineering. Management engineering547
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources489
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion: Psychology453
Technology: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)439
Technology: Manufactures: Production management. Operations management401
Science: Mathematics: Instruments and machines: Electronic computers. Computer science369
Political science: Political institutions and public administration (General)314
Social Sciences: Commerce: Business: Marketing. Distribution of products268
Social Sciences: Commerce: Business: Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence260
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources: Information resources (General)258
Medicine: Internal medicine: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system: Psychiatry232
Technology: Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering231
Social Sciences: Sociology (General)221
Science: Biology (General): Ecology214
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Human ecology. Anthropogeography: Settlements: Cities. Urban geography201
Social Sciences: Communities. Classes. Races: Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology201
Science: Science (General): Cybernetics: Information theory196
Technology: Mechanical engineering and machinery: Renewable energy sources187
Social Sciences: Finance163
Social Sciences: Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform158
Education: Theory and practice of education149
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Technology106
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Science: Science (General)88
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Geography. Anthropology. Recreation75
Political science73
Education72
Medicine: Public aspects of medicine67
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Recreation. Leisure: Sports62
Technology: Mechanical engineering and machinery57
Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering: Electronics55
Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Labor. Work. Working class: Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand55
Science49
Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering: Telecommunication46
Social Sciences: Statistics45
Medicine43
Science: Mathematics: Instruments and machines: Electronic computers. Computer science: Computer software40
Social Sciences: Commerce: Business: Accounting. Bookkeeping40
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion: Ethics37
Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering: Electronics: Computer engineering. Computer hardware35
Medicine: Medicine (General)33
Language and Literature: Philology. Linguistics: Communication. Mass media33
Political science: International relations30
Technology: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General): Environmental engineering30
Social Sciences: Communities. Classes. Races: Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology: City planning29
Medicine: Medicine (General): Medical technology29
Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering: Electric apparatus and materials. Electric circuits. Electric networks20
Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Special industries and trades: Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade20
Social Sciences: Social sciences (General)20
Medicine: Internal medicine: Special situations and conditions: Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene19
Medicine: Internal medicine: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry18
Agriculture: Agriculture (General)17
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion: Philosophy (General)17
Science: Physics15
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Agriculture: Plant culture13
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Medicine: Medicine (General): Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics11
Law11
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Social Sciences: Commerce10
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Technology: Home economics: Nutrition. Foods and food supply8
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Anthropology8
Agriculture: Animal culture7
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Social Sciences: Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology7
Technology: Chemical technology: Food processing and manufacture6
Science: Chemistry: Organic chemistry: Biochemistry6
Technology: Chemical technology6
Technology: Hydraulic engineering: River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)6
Technology: Technology (General): Industrial engineering. Management engineering: Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods6
Technology: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General): Transportation engineering5
Technology: Chemical technology: Biotechnology5
Medicine: Nursing5
Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Management. Industrial management: Technological innovations. Automation5
Technology: Building construction4
Technology: Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics4
Education: Education (General)4
Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Economic growth, development, planning4
Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering: Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials4
Fine Arts: Architecture4
Medicine: Internal medicine: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system: Psychiatry: Therapeutics. Psychotherapy4
Medicine: Public aspects of medicine: Toxicology. Poisons4
Medicine: Therapeutics. Pharmacology4
Science: Chemistry: Physical and theoretical chemistry4
Science: Biology (General): Evolution3
Technology: Chemical technology: Chemical engineering3
Medicine: Internal medicine: Special situations and conditions: Geriatrics3
Fine Arts3
Language and Literature3
Language and Literature: Philology. Linguistics3
Science: Chemistry3
Science: Physics: Electricity and magnetism: Electricity: Plasma physics. Ionized gases3
Science: Mathematics: Probabilities. Mathematical statistics2
Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering2
Science: Chemistry: Analytical chemistry2
Science: Zoology2
Social Sciences: Economic theory. Demography2
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Oceanography2
Agriculture: Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling2
Social Sciences: Commerce: Business: Industrial psychology2
Science: Biology (General): Genetics2
Medicine: Medicine (General): Medical philosophy. Medical ethics2
Social Sciences: Communities. Classes. Races: Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology: Regional economics. Space in economics2
Social Sciences: Communities. Classes. Races: Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology: Regional planning2
Education: Special aspects of education2
Agriculture: Forestry2
Science: Botany: Plant ecology2
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion2
Social Sciences: Commerce: Commercial geography. Economic geography2
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion: Practical Theology2
Military Science2
Political science: Political science (General)2
Technology: Mechanical engineering and machinery: Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General)1
Science: Physiology1
General Works: History of scholarship and learning. The humanities1
Social Sciences: Communities. Classes. Races: Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology: Urbanization. City and country1
Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Management. Industrial management: Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture1
Language and Literature: Literature (General): Journalism. The periodical press, etc.1
Medicine: Internal medicine1
Agriculture: Animal culture: Veterinary medicine1
Science: Physics: Heat: Thermodynamics1
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Geography (General)1
Science: Natural history (General): General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution1
Auxiliary sciences of history: Archaeology1
Technology: Home economics: Hospitality industry. Hotels, clubs, restaurants, etc. Food service1
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Science: Astronomy1
Medicine: Medicine (General): Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine1
Technology: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General): Disasters and engineering1
Science: Chemistry: General. Including alchemy1
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion: Religions. Mythology. Rationalism1
Medicine: Internal medicine: Infectious and parasitic diseases1
Medicine: Internal medicine: Special situations and conditions: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine1
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Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Land use1
Social Sciences: Economic history and conditions1
Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Industry: Small and medium-sized businesses, artisans, handicrafts, trades1
Fine Arts: Drawing. Design. Illustration1
The category Social Sciences: Commerce: Business 5,791 is the most commonly referenced area in studies that cite this article. The first research to cite this article was titled Designing More Functional Organizations: The 12 Step Model and was published in 1992. The most recent citation comes from a 2024 study titled Multi-agent modelling and analysis of the knowledge learning of a human-machine hybrid intelligent organization with human-machine trust. This article reached its peak citation in 2022, with 782 citations. It has been cited in 1,631 different journals, 11% of which are open access. Among related journals, the SSRN Electronic Journal cited this research the most, with 644 citations. The chart below illustrates the annual citation trends for this article.
Citations used this article by year