Gaining insights into the properties of quantum dots can revolutionize nanotechnology. This review analyses the most recent developments in quantum dot (QD) synthesis, their optical properties, and their diverse applications. Emphasizing the significance highlighted by the 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry, the review provides a historical context and explores both solid and liquid matrix synthesis techniques. Focusing on the quantum-size effect, the review explains the unique optical properties of quantum dots, detailing the causes of their intriguing blinking behaviour and the methods used to observe single quantum dots. The final section highlights the practical applications of quantum dots in biology, medicine, and emerging quantum technologies. This comprehensive overview, supported by over 700 references, provides a valuable resource for researchers seeking to understand and leverage the potential of these fascinating nanomaterials.
As a review, this article in Russian Chemical Reviews synthesizes and analyses recent developments in a significant area of chemistry. Covering methods of synthesis, optical properties and practical applications of quantum dots, the review contributes to the journal's focus on highlighting cutting edge research across various fields of chemistry. The topic aligns with current trends in nanotechnology and materials science.