Synaptic transmission, a dynamic process that adjusts with neural activity, influences how synapses respond to stimuli and how neural networks generate activity. This review explores synaptic changes resulting from prior activity, focusing on short-term effects lasting only minutes. Synaptic enhancement, such as facilitation, augmentation, and post-tetanic potentiation, are usually attributed to the presynaptic [Ca
Published in Annual Review of Physiology, this review aligns with the journal's focus on providing comprehensive and critical reviews of major advances in physiology. By exploring the dynamic process of short-term synaptic plasticity, the authors contribute to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that govern neuronal communication and brain function, a core topic within the journal's scope.