How does the brain learn and remember fear? This review synthesizes the current understanding of the neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning, a fundamental form of learning exhibited by both rats and humans. It maps the neural circuits involved in fear conditioning. Identifies synaptic plasticity mechanisms in these circuits. Explores the biochemical and genetic factors that mediate the storage of fear memories. This review provides an overview of the advancements in unraveling the neural substrates of fear conditioning. The research offers insights into how aversive events and environmental stimuli are associated. Understanding fear conditioning has implications for understanding and treating anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Ultimately, this review offers a comprehensive summary of the neural mechanisms underlying fear learning and memory. This is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in neuroscience and mental health.
This review, published in the Annual Review of Neuroscience, aligns directly with the journal’s focus on neurobiology and related fields. The synthesis of current knowledge on Pavlovian fear conditioning enhances the understanding of neural mechanisms underlying emotional learning and memory, making a significant contribution to the neuroscience community.