Is synaptic plasticity the key to understanding memory? This comprehensive review critically evaluates the synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis, which posits that activity-dependent synaptic changes during memory formation are both necessary and sufficient for information storage in the brain. The authors outline criteria for judging this hypothesis and describe various experimental strategies used to investigate it. The review examines classical and newly discovered properties of synaptic plasticity, emphasizing the importance of neural architecture and synaptic learning rules. Focusing on memories mediated by the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex, the authors analyze a wealth of data regarding synaptic plasticity's role in learning and memory. Ultimately, the review concludes that while substantial evidence supports the necessity of synaptic plasticity for learning and memory, limited data currently supports the notion of sufficiency. Further research is needed to prove synaptic plasticity's sufficiency in learning and memory.
As a review article published in the _Annual Review of Neuroscience_, this work provides a broad overview and critical synthesis of the existing literature on synaptic plasticity and memory. It aligns with the journal's mission to provide comprehensive and authoritative reviews of key topics in neuroscience.