Ever wondered what's hidden within our DNA? This review delves into the fascinating biology of L1 retrotransposons, which comprise 17% of the human genome. It highlights how these elements have shaped mammalian genomes through their own retrotransposition and by providing machinery for other mobile elements. The article explores their impact on gene expression and their potential use as phylogenetic markers, using keywords like *genetics*, *biology*, and *evolution*. The review details how L1 elements integrate into genomic DNA via target primed reverse transcription, greatly expanding the genome. It also discusses transduction, a process where non-L1 sequences are shuffled throughout the genome. L1 insertions can occasionally disrupt genes, causing disease in both humans and mice. L1 elements have proven useful as phylogenetic markers and may find practical applications in gene discovery through insertional mutagenesis in mice and in the delivery of therapeutic genes. This review offers a comprehensive overview of L1 retrotransposons and their multifaceted roles in mammalian genome evolution and function.
This review of mammalian L1 retrotransposons aligns with the Annual Review of Genetics' focus on providing comprehensive overviews of key topics in genetics. By summarizing the mechanisms, impact, and applications of L1 elements, this paper contributes to the journal's mission of disseminating knowledge and insights in the field of genetics.
| Category | Category Repetition |
|---|---|
| Science: Biology (General): Genetics | 251 |
| Science: Biology (General) | 182 |
| Science: Chemistry: Organic chemistry: Biochemistry | 73 |
| Science: Biology (General): Cytology | 67 |
| Medicine: Medicine (General) | 59 |