What makes one X chromosome silent? This review explores the mechanisms of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals, a crucial process for dosage compensation in females. The authors discuss the progressive acquisition of epigenetic features by the inactive X chromosome and the roles of the X-inactivation center (Xic) and X chromosome controlling element (Xce). The opening sentence provides an intriguing question that immediately captures the reader's attention. Initiation of X-inactivation is controlled by the X-inactivation center (Xic) and influenced by the X chromosome controlling element (Xce), which causes primary nonrandom X-inactivation. The definition of a major role for Xist, a noncoding RNA, in X-inactivation has enabled investigation of the mechanism leading to establishment of the heterochromatinized X-chromosome. The review highlights the role of Xist RNA and the interactions between X-inactivation and imprinting, as well as developmental processes in the early embryo. This comprehensive overview is valuable for researchers in genetics, developmental biology, and epigenetics. Future research will be needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay of factors involved in X-chromosome inactivation.
Appearing in the Annual Review of Genetics, this review is ideally suited to the journal's mission of providing comprehensive and critical analyses of significant topics in genetics. The paper's examination of X-chromosome inactivation and its underlying mechanisms aligns perfectly with the journal's focus. It strengthens its reputation as a leading resource for genetic research.
| Category | Category Repetition |
|---|---|
| Science: Biology (General): Genetics | 145 |
| Science: Biology (General) | 112 |
| Science: Biology (General): Cytology | 62 |
| Medicine: Medicine (General) | 50 |
| Science: Chemistry: Organic chemistry: Biochemistry | 43 |