How do cells fine-tune their genetic messages after they're transcribed? This review explores the fascinating world of RNA editing, specifically focusing on adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs). These enzymes modify double-stranded RNA, diversifying the genetic information encoded in the genome and optimizing various biological pathways, particularly in the nervous system. This review summarizes ongoing research into the ADAR enzyme family and their substrates, delving into both biological functions and biochemical mechanisms. It highlights the remarkable double-stranded structures of ADAR substrates and how enzyme specificity is achieved with minimal sequence dependence. This comprehensive overview offers insights for researchers in biochemistry, molecular biology, and neuroscience. By examining the role of ADARs in fine-tuning biological processes, the review emphasizes the importance of post-transcriptional modifications in regulating gene expression and maintaining cellular function, opening avenues for further exploration in genomic regulation and disease mechanisms.
Published in the Annual Review of Biochemistry, this article is well-suited for the journal's scope. As a review, it provides a consolidated overview of a key biochemical process, RNA editing, which is highly relevant to the field of biochemistry. Its focus on enzyme mechanisms and biological function further aligns with the journal's emphasis on fundamental biochemical principles.
| Category | Category Repetition |
|---|---|
| Science: Biology (General) | 368 |
| Science: Biology (General): Genetics | 280 |
| Science: Chemistry: Organic chemistry: Biochemistry | 254 |
| Science: Biology (General): Cytology | 130 |
| Science: Science (General) | 81 |