An improved illumination model for shaded display

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Abstract
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Whitted, Turner. “An Improved Illumination Model for Shaded Display”. Communications of the ACM, vol. 23, no. 6, 1980, pp. 343-9, https://doi.org/10.1145/358876.358882.
Whitted, T. (1980). An improved illumination model for shaded display. Communications of the ACM, 23(6), 343-349. https://doi.org/10.1145/358876.358882
Whitted T. An improved illumination model for shaded display. Communications of the ACM. 1980;23(6):343-9.
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Description

In the quest for more realistic computer graphics, this research introduces an improved illumination model designed to enhance shaded displays. By accurately simulating true reflection, shadows, and refraction, this model seeks to bridge the gap between virtual scenes and the real world, advancing the field of computer graphics and visual computing. The paper outlines a visible surface algorithm that constructs a tree of “rays” for each pixel, extending from the viewer to the first encountered surface and subsequently to other surfaces and light sources. This tree is then traversed by a shader to determine the intensity of light received by the viewer, enabling accurate simulation of lighting effects. The inclusion of anti-aliasing as an integral part of the visibility calculations further enhances the quality of the displayed surfaces. Ultimately, this research presents a significant step forward in achieving realistic rendering, enabling the accurate simulation of true reflection, shadows, and refraction, as well as the effects simulated by conventional shaders. By considering all of these factors, the shader accurately simulates true reflection, shadows, and refraction, as well as the effects simulated by conventional shaders. With its comprehensive approach to global illumination, this model holds promise for revolutionizing the creation of two-dimensional images from three-dimensional scenes.

Published in Communications of the ACM, this paper is highly relevant to the journal’s coverage of advancements in computer science and engineering. The research details an improved illumination model for shaded displays, contributing to the journal's discourse on innovative solutions in computer graphics. Its citations further confirm its impact on the field.

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Citations Analysis
The first research to cite this article was titled A 3-dimensional representation for fast rendering of complex scenes and was published in 1980. The most recent citation comes from a 2024 study titled A 3-dimensional representation for fast rendering of complex scenes . This article reached its peak citation in 1990 , with 37 citations.It has been cited in 164 different journals, 10% of which are open access. Among related journals, the ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics cited this research the most, with 72 citations. The chart below illustrates the annual citation trends for this article.
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