Bias in computer systems

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Abstract
Cite
Friedman, Batya, and Helen Nissenbaum. “Bias in Computer Systems”. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 14, no. 3, 1996, pp. 330-47, https://doi.org/10.1145/230538.230561.
Friedman, B., & Nissenbaum, H. (1996). Bias in computer systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(3), 330-347. https://doi.org/10.1145/230538.230561
Friedman B, Nissenbaum H. Bias in computer systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems. 1996;14(3):330-47.
Journal Categories
Science
Mathematics
Instruments and machines
Electronic computers
Computer science
Science
Science (General)
Cybernetics
Information theory
Technology
Electrical engineering
Electronics
Nuclear engineering
Telecommunication
Technology
Technology (General)
Industrial engineering
Management engineering
Information technology
Description

Can computers be biased? This study addresses three categories of bias in computer systems have been developed: preexisting, technical, and emergent. Preexisting bias has its roots in social institutions, practices, and attitudes. Technical bias arises from technical constraints of considerations. Emergent bias arises in a context of use. We know of no comparable work that examines this phenomenon comprehensively and which offers a framework for understanding and remedying it. We conclude by suggesting that freedom from bias should by counted amoung the select set of criteria—including reliability, accuracy, and efficiency—according to which the quality of systems in use in society should be judged.

This article appearing in the ACM Transactions on Information Systems and is about bias in computer systems. The analysis is applicable in Technology area and is a useful tool

Refrences
Citations
Citations Analysis
The first research to cite this article was titled Value-sensitive design and was published in 1996. The most recent citation comes from a 2024 study titled Value-sensitive design . This article reached its peak citation in 2022 , with 67 citations.It has been cited in 196 different journals, 15% of which are open access. Among related journals, the SSRN Electronic Journal cited this research the most, with 27 citations. The chart below illustrates the annual citation trends for this article.
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