How does racial discrimination affect entrepreneurship? This study synthesizes existing literature on racial discrimination in entrepreneurship to develop a conceptual model. The aim is to provide an overview of a fractured but important literature that narrows down the focus to racial discrimination as one form of discrimination (from other discriminations such as gender, cultural and religious discrimination). The authors conducted a bibliometric analysis and literature review of 523 articles with 26,926 references. The study identifies three research themes: strategic, sociocultural, and individual-level perspectives. A conceptual model portrays the genuineness of racial discrimination in entrepreneurship, including its sources, factors, and impacts. This work is the first attempt to review the literature that narrows down the focus to racial discrimination in entrepreneurship due to its unique origins and consequences. The conceptual model and identification of future research directions make this paper a valuable resource for understanding and addressing racial disparities in the entrepreneurial landscape.
Published in the Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, this research aligns perfectly with the journal's focus on small business and entrepreneurship. By examining the specific challenges of racial discrimination in entrepreneurship, the paper contributes to the journal's mission of supporting and developing small businesses.