When transferring manufacturing processes internationally, what factors truly matter? This paper identifies and categorizes the factors influencing the adaptation of manufacturing processes for international transfer, dividing them into those affecting process operation and those influencing the transfer itself. It introduces three constructs—appropriateness, robustness, and transferability—to characterize a manufacturing process. The three constructs inform practitioners on adaptation, location selection, training, and technology choices. This research suggests that these constructs, when considered together, describe the ease with which a manufacturing process can be transferred. It's also found that factors should be divided into those affecting the operation of the process in its new location, and those that influence the transfer itself. The paper provides a framework for evaluating a manufacturing process's 'fitness for transfer,' aiding firms in making strategic decisions about international manufacturing ventures. It contributes to the understanding of how manufacturing processes can be effectively adapted for success in new international environments.
Published in the _International Journal of Operations & Production Management_, this paper is aligned with the journal's focus on industries, labor management, and economic theory. It delves into the challenges of adapting manufacturing processes for international transfer, fitting the journal's exploration of global operations and supply chain strategies. By introducing the concepts of 'appropriateness,' 'robustness,' and 'transferability,' the paper offers a valuable framework for practitioners.