Decoding atmospheric patterns: This paper investigates 'mushroom-shaped' formations visible in water vapour (WV) imagery and their implications for weather forecasting. By adapting the 'T' configuration conceptual model and exploiting the characteristics of WV imagery, such as spatial and temporal continuity, relationships between atmospheric structures are studied. Using this model, it is possible to infer features such as deformation zones, rotation centres, and relative maxima of wind in upper-middle-level flows from the kinematic viewpoint. The study leverages the unique properties of WV imagery to analyze atmospheric structures and their evolution over time. By examining the spatial and temporal continuity of these features, the authors demonstrate how valuable insights can be gained. By providing a conceptual model for interpreting WV imagery, this research enhances our ability to diagnose upper-middle-level flow and evaluate numerical weather models. This can lead to improved weather forecasting and a deeper understanding of atmospheric dynamics.
Published in Meteorological Applications, this paper is well-aligned with the journal's focus on utilizing meteorological data and models for practical forecasting purposes. The analysis of water vapour imagery and the development of a conceptual model directly contribute to the journal's aim of improving weather prediction and understanding atmospheric processes.