How does myelin's primary function extend beyond accelerating neural signals? This review delves into the crucial role of myelin, a sheath surrounding neuron axons, in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders. While traditionally associated with rapid signal transmission, this work highlights myelin's role in coordinating neuronal networks and promoting synchronization through brain oscillations. Key findings reveal myelin's involvement in cognitive processes and its plasticity as a fundamental mechanism for memory. This research seeks to bridge the knowledge gap between myelin, brain oscillations, cognition, and diseases. The review highlights current insights and identifies areas for further exploration in understanding myelin's contribution to high-order brain functions, with potential implications for treating cognitive impairments in neurodevelopmental conditions.
Published in Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, a journal focused on broad aspects of biology and genetics, this review contributes to the journal's emphasis on understanding cellular mechanisms and their roles in disease. By exploring myelin's function in cognitive processes, this paper aligns with the journal's scope and adds significant value to ongoing research in neurobiology and genetics.