Why does early-onset sepsis remain a major threat to newborns? This study examines the challenges in managing early-onset sepsis (EOS), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The research aims to estimate the frequency of EOS, identify risk factors, and explore diagnostic parameters to improve outcomes for neonates. A 10-year retrospective study was conducted, including 153 cases of EOS that met specific inclusion criteria. The study analyzed various maternal and neonatal risk factors, clinical features, hematological and inflammatory parameters, and causative organisms with their antibiotic susceptibility. The results revealed that sepsis occurred in 2.28% of NICU admissions, with prematurity and very low birth weight being significant risk factors. Respiratory distress was the most common symptom. Bacteriological exams showed positive blood cultures in 19.6% of cases, with E. coli and Group B streptococcus being the most common organisms. Sepsis was responsible for 46.4% of deaths, highlighting the need for improved antenatal care, follow-up, and collaboration between neonatologists and obstetricians to decrease EOS incidence and improve neonatal outcomes.
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