Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has garnered significant attention for its multifaceted role in immune regulation. How does this cytokine orchestrate the complex interplay between inflammation and immune responses? This review delves into the diverse effects of IL-10 on various hemopoietic cell types, elucidating its critical function in limiting and ultimately terminating inflammatory responses. IL-10 influences the growth and differentiation of various cells, including B cells, NK cells, T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Further emphasizing its importance, IL-10 significantly contributes to the differentiation and function of T regulatory cells, vital for controlling immune responses and maintaining tolerance *in vivo*. This comprehensive analysis examines IL-10's unique position among hemopoietic cytokines, highlighting the presence of closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which underscores its importance in regulating immune and inflammatory processes. The review further explores the role of the IL-10 receptor in mediating these effects. This research advances our understanding of IL-10, its receptor, and its *in vivo* function in both health and disease, offering valuable insights for future therapeutic interventions targeting immune-related disorders. This review provides a vital resource for researchers and clinicians aiming to harness the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in immunologic diseases.
Published in the Annual Review of Immunology, this paper aligns with the journal's focus on timely and critical reviews of significant advances in immunology. By exploring the multifaceted roles of Interleukin-10 and its receptor, the study contributes to the understanding of immune regulation, a central theme within the journal's scope. The numerous references to prior immunological studies further ground the paper within the existing body of knowledge in the field.
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