How has DNA microarray technology revolutionized biomedical research? This review examines recent advancements in DNA microarray technology, also known as DNA chip technology, and its diverse applications. It describes the various types of DNA microarray devices and systems, along with their fabrication methods and uses. From high-density microarrays for high-throughput screening to lower-density arrays for diagnostics, the review explores the versatility of this technology. The review covers various microarray fabrication methods, including inkjet and microjet deposition, in situ photolithographic oligonucleotide synthesis, and electronic DNA probe addressing. It also examines DNA microarray hybridization applications in gene expression analysis and genotyping for point mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and short tandem repeats (STRs). Beyond molecular biology and genomics research, the review explores applications of microarray devices and systems in pharmacogenomics, drug discovery, infectious and genetic disease diagnostics, cancer diagnostics, and forensic identification. The review also highlights the development and application of microarray technology to new areas of proteomics and cellular analysis, showcasing its broad impact on scientific research and medical advancements.
As a review focused on biomedical engineering, this paper aligns with the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering's focus on interdisciplinary research at the intersection of engineering and medicine. By providing a comprehensive overview of DNA microarray technology and its applications, the review offers valuable insights for biomedical engineers and researchers seeking to leverage this technology for advancements in healthcare and biotechnology.
| Category | Category Repetition |
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| Science: Chemistry | 306 |
| Science: Chemistry: Analytical chemistry | 157 |
| Technology: Chemical technology | 149 |
| Science: Biology (General) | 139 |
| Science: Physics | 126 |