Can computer models truly replicate the complexities of human motion? This study highlights how the power of modern computing allows for intricate simulations of human movement, offering new insights into the coordinated interplay between the nervous system and muscles. Focusing on the neuromusculoskeletal system, the research outlines how these models, combined with optimization theory, can simulate the dynamics of complex motor tasks. This exploration is critical for biomechanical **modeling** and **simulation**, providing a detailed description and explanation of muscle function. The paper reviews the representation of the musculoskeletal system in multijoint models. It discusses various analyses of model output that help clarify how individual muscles contribute to overall movement patterns. Examples from simulations of jumping, pedaling, and walking demonstrate the approach, illustrating the potential to unlock a deeper understanding of motor control strategies. Ultimately, this approach holds great promise for advancements in **biomedical engineering** and rehabilitation strategies. By bridging the gap between theoretical modeling and real-world movement analysis, this research opens new avenues for optimizing human performance and developing targeted interventions for motor impairments.
Published in the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, this article aligns with the journal's focus on cutting-edge advancements in biomedical engineering. It contributes to the field by exploring the use of computational tools to understand human movement, a topic relevant to both medical technology and genetics, which are key categories covered by the journal.