Unlocking the secrets of cellular transport: This review delves into the crucial role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in mammalian health and disease. These membrane proteins actively transport various compounds against concentration gradients, utilizing ATP hydrolysis. With 48 ABC genes identified in the human genome, many with specific functions, their significance in physiology, toxicology, pharmacology, and disease is becoming increasingly apparent. The authors explore the diverse functions of mammalian ABC transporters, emphasizing biochemical mechanisms and genetic defects. Key areas include ABC transporters involved in drug (xenotoxins) and drug conjugate transport, secretory epithelia employing ABC transporters for substance excretion, and the growing recognition of ABC transporters in lipid transport. The research highlights the importance of these transporters in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting against harmful substances. This review highlights the intricate roles of ABC transporters in human physiology and their implications in various diseases. By elucidating their biochemical mechanisms and genetic defects, the authors pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions targeting these crucial transport systems. The findings have broad implications for understanding and treating a range of conditions, from liver metabolism disorders to drug resistance and lipid-related diseases.
Appearing in the Annual Review of Biochemistry, this article aligns perfectly with the journal's aim to provide in-depth perspectives on major biochemical topics. The review of mammalian ABC transporters contributes significantly to understanding the complexities of cellular transport and its implications in various diseases, thus serving the journal's audience of biochemists and related researchers.