How critical is medical participation in ensuring the success of organization-wide quality programmes? This research reviews the available evidence on doctors’ involvement in quality programmes, distinguishing it from their participation in medical quality activities. The study highlights the common view that medical participation and leadership are key to programme success, but reveals a lack of systematic evidence on the subject. By exploring the nuances of doctors’ involvement, the research identifies areas for future investigation and summarizes existing knowledge. Based on reported research and experience, the paper offers recommendations for quality training for doctors and strategies for medical managers to engage their colleagues and other professions in quality programmes. The goal is to foster a more collaborative and effective approach to improving quality in healthcare organizations, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.