Unlock the precision of your neutron scattering experiments! This paper presents a valuable discussion on the **absolute calibration** of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data. It highlights absolute calibration as a critical diagnostic tool, enabling researchers to restrict model parameters to reproduce observed intensity. Discrepancies can arise from artifacts or new physical processes. General methods available for absolute scaling are discussed, along with estimates of internal consistency achieved between various standards. Emphasis is placed on developing precalibrated strongly scattering standards optimized for specific experimental geometries, minimizing calibration time. The set of standards developed at the National Center for Small-Angle Scattering Research (Oak Ridge) showed consistency within ± 5% with independent determinations by SANS users. This paper empowers researchers to improve the accuracy and reliability of SANS experiments. It can help to identify potential artifacts, and delineates new physical processes.
This methodological paper directly aligns with the scope of the Journal of Applied Crystallography, which focuses on advances in crystallographic methods and instrumentation. The discussion of absolute calibration techniques and standards is relevant to researchers utilizing SANS for structural characterization.