How do our brains maintain stability amidst constant neural activity? This research proposes a novel, robust nonlinear balancing mechanism for random networks of spiking neurons. This mechanism explains the irregular, low-firing activity observed in the cortex, even without strong external currents. The proposed mechanism exploits the plasticity of excitatory-excitatory synapses induced by short-term depression. The nonlinear response of synaptic activity is identified as a key factor in establishing a stable, balanced regime. The researchers support their claims with a self-consistent analysis and extensive simulations across increasing network sizes. The resulting regime is fluctuation-driven, characterized by highly irregular spiking dynamics across all neurons. This study offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics underlying brain function, providing a new perspective on neural balancing.
This study, published in Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, aligns with the journal's focus on complex systems and nonlinear dynamics. By proposing a novel mechanism for neural balancing in spiking neural networks, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of complex dynamics within the brain.