How can radar technology enhance weather forecasting and atmospheric research? This paper reviews the applications of the NERC MST radar facility near Aberystwyth, UK, in studying the structure and dynamics of the mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The MST radar measures meter-scale irregularities in refractive index caused by atmospheric waves and turbulence, providing valuable insights into various atmospheric phenomena. The facility's primary capability is measuring the three-dimensional wind field in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, which is expected to be useful in short-range local weather forecasting operations. The facility has also been used to examine the characteristics and vertical propagation of mountain waves and inertia-gravity waves, and to estimate the vertical flux of horizontal momentum associated with such waves, known to play a significant role in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The turbulence associated with the dissipation of these waves, and also generated in the vicinity of jet streams, has also been examined. The all-weather and extended operational capabilities of the facility have proven well-suited for both mesoscale meteorological and research applications. Ongoing research focuses on further refining forecasting techniques and improving understanding of atmospheric processes, contributing to improved weather prediction and climate modeling.
Published in Meteorological Applications, this paper aligns with the journal's focus on meteorological research and applications. By describing the capabilities and applications of the NERC MST radar facility, the review contributes to the journal's scope, showcasing the use of radar technology in advancing atmospheric science and weather forecasting.