Imagine a future of personalized neurological treatments. This review explores the integration of various modalities to achieve precise, closed-loop modulation and sensing in neural systems. This approach allows for adaptive and modifiable treatments for neurological diseases and neural circuits based on real-time patient condition and neural activity. The review highlights advanced materials, devices, and systems that generate or detect electrical, magnetic, optical, acoustic, or chemical signals. These technologies are utilized to interact with neural cells, tissues, and networks for closed-loop interrogation. The significance of developing closed-loop techniques for diagnostics and treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, depression, and spinal cord injury rehabilitation is emphasized. By summarizing the current and potential integration of various modalities, this review underscores the promise of closed-loop techniques for enhancing our understanding of brain neural circuit functionality and developing more effective neurological interventions.
Published in Advanced Healthcare Materials, this review aligns with the journal's focus on innovative materials and technologies transforming healthcare. The exploration of multimodal technologies for neural modulation and sensing showcases advancements in materials science and bioengineering, contributing to the development of more effective and personalized neurological treatments. This is consistent with the journal's emphasis on breakthrough advancements in healthcare materials.